Every corporation pays taxes if the tax rate is > 0%. Taxes are based on the profit a corporation. A country offering zero taxes implies that any corporations residing in that country will not be paying any taxes every month.
Profit transfer is controlled by the majority owner of the corporation (the state for State-Controlled and Country Controlled Public Corporations, and the enterprise for Privately Held, and Enterprise Controlled Public Corporations). Profit transfer means that after all other expenses are paid, including taxes, what percentage of the net profit do you want to transfer to the controlling entity.
The last logical question is: "Given we see so many countries offering 0% taxes, how do they make any money?" Besides taxes, there's a second method for countries to make money from hosting privately controlled corporations. From the Corporation point of view, the cost is called "Country Resources Used". From the country point of view, the income is called "Income from Enterprises". While taxes are always a % of profit (and hence only profitable corporations will pay taxes), Country Resources Used are a percentage of the gross revenues that the corporation sells, regardless of any profit generated. Significantly, it's also much higher than any tax payment.
To illustrate, I have a few corporations in a 20% tax rate country. One of these corporations paid $45M in taxes last month. Another paid $145M in taxes. However, the first corporation also paid $1,280M in Country Resources Used to the host country, and the second corp paid $1,880M in Country Resources Used. As you can see, taxes are nothing compared to CRU's, so lowering your taxes to 0% is a powerful inducement to recruit companies to your state while only having a positive impact on your bottom line.
Finally, after evaluating your financial statements, you'll also see that privately owned corporations pay significantly more profit to the host country every month than state owned corps. In the same country that I illustrated the amount that my two private corporations were paying the host country, I also looked up two state corporations. One had quite a good month, and ended up paying nearly $400M in profit, split between taxes and profit transfer. The other corporation paid for a large material supplies order this month, so didn't make a profit at all. Hence, it didn't pay anything to the host country this month. Contrast that to the two private corporations that paid over $3,200M to the host country for about the same use of population and you can see why people prefer private corporations in their country.
To see the impact yourself on your CEO/country, look for the following line items in your financial statements:
From the Country side, the relevant line items are under the Financial tab (under "Profit & Loss - This Month")
Taxes paid by Corporations
Profit paid by State Owned Corporations
Income from Enterprises
From the CEO side, the relevant line items are found in each corporation page (under Cash Flow data):
Country Resources Used
Tax Paid
Profit Payment Paid